An ultrasound, or sonogram, is a common procedure which uses sound waves to detect, diagnose, and monitor a variety of conditions.
During an ultrasound the sonographer uses a small ultrasound probe, which emits high frequency sound waves, to create an internal image of a specific area of the body. This image is transmitted to a monitor. Image stills can be captured and printed.
There are three main types of ultrasound:
External: the probe is moved over the skin
Internal: the probe is inserted into the body
Endoscopic: the probe is inserted further into the body via a long, thin, endoscopic tube
Ultrasounds can be used to examine many parts of the body including the:
Blood vessels
Pelvis
Heart
Musculo skeletal system
Abdomen
Other soft tissue organs
Ultrasounds are also used to monitor the progress and health of pregnant patients.
A number of conditions can be identified via an ultrasound. For example:
Cysts and abnormal growths
Cancer
Gallstones
Damage to internal organs
For pregnant patients the procedure can also be used to monitor the development of the foetus and identify any potential conditions (i.e. down syndrome).
An ultrasound is required when a GP or specialist suspects that patients may be suffering from any disease or condition best identified by ultrasound.
Ultrasounds are also the best way to monitor the health of pregnant patients, foetuses and unborn babies.
There are no identified risks associated with ultrasounds as, unlike CT scans and x-rays, they do not require or expose the patient to radiation.
To avoid any complications during the procedures patients simply need to inform the sonographer of any allergies or existing conditions which may impact the processes used or the results.
Ultrasounds are simple, safe procedures which do not require the use of radiation to develop images of internal parts of the body.
Doctors can also use CT scans, MRIs and x-rays to examine and produce images of internal parts of the body.